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Push-out tests performed immediately after reinsertion of the core into the annulus revealed a maximum friction stress of 22.2 ± 9.4 kPa, which is only 1.7 2.6% of the stress measured in the integrated constructs.
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Forging load and axial stress have been calculated for an axi-symmetric part by varying the values of maximum contact friction stress and normal contact stiffness factor in ANSYS FE package.
Within the design process of district heating networks, the maximum friction forces between the pipeline and the surrounding soil are calculated from the radial stress state and the coefficient of contact friction.
This represents a reduction of 39% in terms of the maximum friction force.
The order of the maximum friction forces is (#4> #3> (#2, #1) > #0).
Considering the influence of boundary friction, we simulate two extreme cases, one is radial-free boundary conditions (frictionless) and the other is radial fixed boundary conditions (maximum friction).
Also, for both cases, after the maximum friction force is reached, friction force gradually reduces to zero as the distance to the indenter tip increases.
Mualla et al. (2010) developed a rotational friction damper which can produce maximum friction force as high as 5000 kN (Table 2).
The orders of the average friction over time are the same as those of the maximum friction; however, there differences are minute.
During one pass, monotonic loading is realized only in the cases of zero and maximum friction.
The sensitivity analysis using the Friction Cost Approach, in which the maximum friction period of 122 days was used for the five patients with long periods of work absenteeism, did not change the results.
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