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Under the optimal conditions, the maximum fractionation yield of hemicellulose was 73%.
However, the maximum fractionation yield of hemicellulose (71%) was obtained under 35% MC, which was chosen as the optimal initial MC.
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The maximum hemicellulose fractionation yield was 73% in SE, while the maximum lignin fractionation yield was 90% in ethanol extraction.
Aerobic processes applying foam fractionation yield rather similar results for qSurfactin (0.006 g(g∙h)).
The effects of MC on the hemicellulose fractionation yield are given in Figure 2.
The results showed that the hemicellulose fractionation yield was 73% under steam explosion at 1.6 MPa for 5.2 minutes, while the lignin fractionation yield was 90% by ethanol extraction at 160°C for 2 hours and with 60% ethanol (v/v).
As such, we calculated two %MDN estimates based on no fractionation (MEM = 11.2‰) and maximum fractionation of 4‰ (MEM = 7.2‰), which is a typical maximum level of fractionation in vegetation from atmospheric N2 that is observed in the Clatse-Neekas non-salmon habitats (Mathewson & Reimchen unpublished data).
The results showed that the hemicellulose fractionation yield was less than 65% when initial MC was less than 15% or more than 55%, which implied that the excessively low or high MC adversely affected the hemicellulose fractionation performance.
The effects of SE factors, including pressure (x1) and time (x2), on hemicellulose fractionation yield were investigated by quadratic rotation-regressive experimental design under 35% MC (Table 3).
The corresponding ANOVA value in Table 6 indicated that the order effects of factors on the lignin fractionation yield were temperature (x2) > time (x3) > ethanol concentration (x1).
The optimal conditions of ethanol extraction were 160°C for 2 hours with 60% ethanol (v/v), and the corresponding lignin fractionation yield was 90%.
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