The maximum explosion pressure, explosion temperature, and increase rate of pressure decrease by employing the ultrafine water mist, though the obstacles affect the suppression efficiency.
The presence of Al/Ni nano-multilayers on Cu film bridge can improve the maximum of electric explosion temperature as well as decrease the threshold voltage and initiation energy.
After applying voltage, the explosion temperature reaches the maximum at 4465 K for Cu film bridge and 5300 K for Cu/Al/Ni-integrated film bridge.
Besides, the addition of CNT significantly reduced the enthalpy of explosion decomposition from − 2384.95 to − 779.82 J/g, which might lead to the energy performance of explosives (explosion heat and explosion temperature) weakened in practical applications.
Both ignition sensitivity characteristics (minimum ignition energy and minimum ignition temperatures) and explosion severity characteristics (maximum explosion pressure, Pmax, and maximum rate of pressure rise, Kst) are investigated.
Important explosibility parameters (e.g., maximum explosion pressure and standardized maximum rate of pressure rise) are described in terms of their relation to explosion causation, prevention and mitigation.
The explosibility parameters investigated for both flocculent materials include maximum explosion pressure (Pmax), size-normalized maximum rate of pressure rise (KSt), minimum explosible concentration (MEC), minimum ignition energy (MIE) and minimum ignition temperature (MIT).
Experimentation was conducted by following standardized test procedures and using standardized apparatus for determination of maximum explosion pressure, size-normalized maximum rate of pressure rise, minimum explosible concentration, minimum ignition energy, and minimum ignition temperature.
The design of prevention and mitigation measures requires the knowledge of safety parameters, such as the maximum explosion pressure, the maximum rate of pressure rise and the gas deflagration index, KG, at standard ambient temperature (25 °C) and pressure (1 bar) conditions.
The explosion parameters investigated are: maximum explosion pressure (Pmax), maximum rate of pressure-rise (dP/dt)max, dust explosibility index (KSt), minimum explosible concentration (MEC), minimum ignition energy (MIE), minimum ignition temperature (MIT), limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) and effect of reduced oxygen level on explosion severity.
