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In all the studied industries, ventilatory capacity measurements were performed by recording maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves on a spirometer, the Pneumoscreen (Jaeger, Wurzburg, Germany).
(MEFV): Maximum expiratory flow-volume; (FVC): Forced vital capacity; (FEV1): One-second forced expiratoryvolume; (FEF50, FEF25): Maximum flow rates at 50% and the last 25% of the vital capacity.
Flow impairment ("obstructive") has conventionally been measured by the forced expiratory volume--1 sec (FEV1); earlier changes, in the small airways are more likely to be detected by the maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMF) and the maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve at low lung volumes.
Pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry and maximum expiratory flow-volume curves to determine whether exposure to an occupational environment contaminated with vinyl chloride (VC) fumes and poly vinyl chloride) (PVC) dust is associated with an increased risk of respiratory impairment.
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The shape of the maximum expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curve has been used to characterize patterns of lung function abnormality.
Confirmatory studies of responsive airways, potentially assessed first by diurnal peak flow, can be done using post-bronchodilator maximum expiratory flow volume curves and methacholine challenges.
Our results resonate with an early study [ 42] localizing the site of obstruction to the small airways in asthmatics with fixed obstruction by analyzing the variation in maximum expiratory flow volume curves at different gas densities.
On the first day, each student was asked to perform three maximum forced expiratory flow-volume tests using a flow spirometer (Medgraphics, St . Paul MN, USA), from which the forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) were recorded.
The mid-portion of the maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve is often described by values of the mean forced expired flow as lung volume decreases from 75%to25%5% of vital capacity (ie, forced expiratory flow, midexpiratory phase [FEF25 75]).
To determine the respiratory time constant, every expiratory flow-volume curve was divided into ten slices of equal volume.
This is shown in figure 7 and is analogous to the maximal expiratory flow-volume curve of the lung [32].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com