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The output of the BEs and EV integrations has reached the maximum discharge power during this period.
A higher maximum discharge power represents that the stored energy can be more and faster drawn from the BESS when the load demand exceeds the system generation.
1) In the discharging status (when ( P_{TUi}, >,0 )): ( P_{i}^ ) is calculated by the SOC of each PCS i, ( SOC_{i}^ ) and allowable maximum discharge power, ( hat{P}_{i}^{disch} ) of each PCS i.
Open image in new window Fig. 5 EENS index against the maximum charge power of the BESS Open image in new window Fig. 6 EENS index against the maximum discharge power of the BESS.
1) In the discharging status (when ( P_{all {text -} BESS}, >,0 )): ( P_{TUi} ) is calculated by considering the SOC under each transformer unit i, ( SOC_{{TUi }}^ ) and allowable maximum discharge power, ( hat{P}_{{TUi}}^{disch} ) under each transformer unit i. Specific calculation steps are as follows.
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Since the charger limit imposed by EVSEs is much greater than the on-board charger power ratings, the maximum discharging power is determined by the each on-board charger power rating.
For Island 4, the proposition in (23) is judged to be true and thus the situation belongs to Case A. Island 4 is in district 4 of the network, and according to Fig. 6, there are extreme moments during which the power demand is much higher than the average, while the maximum BE discharge power in Island 4 is relatively low.
2) Operational constraints: In each state sys ∈ SYS, the operational constraints include power output limits of the DGs [6], maximum discharge and charge power limits of the BESS.
Eq. (19) includes the limit constraints of maximum discharge and charge power of the BESS.
Therefore, in general, increasing the maximum charge or discharge power of the BESS can improve the reliability of the hybrid power system with tidal and wind generations.
It can be seen from Figs. 5 and 6 that the EENS index dramatically decreases as the maximum charge or discharge power increases from 400 to 500 kW.
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