From their analysis, they suggested that mantle return flow occurs sub-parallel to the local maximum dip of the slab.
The stress regime around the deepest foci of this study, estimated by the focal mechanisms, is lateral compression parallel to WNW-ESE, nearly parallel to the direction of the maximum dip of the slab.
Standard data processing was applied with sampling rate of 2 ms, including trace editing, deconvolution, multiple removal, NMO correction with stretching factor of 1.5, CDP stacking and post-stack time migration with maximum dip of 60 degree; these methods are described in detail by Yilmaz and Doherty (1987).
The less strong maximum dip of T and EC in Event_2 compared to Event_1 highlights that apart from the rain intensity also the total amount of precipitation, which was more than twice as high during Episode_1, seems to be of importance in controlling the hydrogeology of Seropan Cave.
The group has successfully developed a JBB-I steeply inclined, thin seam, conveying FMM unit that enables the automatic mining of 0.7 1.5 m steeply inclined thin seams with maximum dip angles of 70°.
This result suggests that the preferable fault plane of the 1964 Niigata earthquake is the eastward-dipping nodal plane estimated by Abe (1975), which has a direction of maximum dip and a dip of E9°S and 34°, respectively.
The direction of maximum dip is E28°S with a dip of 8°.
The direction of maximum dip is E18°S and the dip is 11°.
In each segment, the difference between the observed maximum dip direction and the direction of the foliation plane was less than 10°.
Additionally, when the dip of a bedding plane was identified from the sedimentary structures in the core, we drew a vertical orientation line at the position of the maximum dip direction on the core surface.
