The theory predicts that the maximum of the critical frequency should occur at local noon.
In order to address these difficulties, system-specified, maximum, critical amplitudes according to three critical frequencies capable of representing the excitation frequency range are established.
The maximum radiation efficiency around the critical frequency is found to vary less with Helmholtz number kca, where kc is the wavenumber at the critical frequency and a is the width, than previously published models suggest.
We found that the behavior was well explained by corresponding variations in the critical frequency and maximum height at the reflection point.
Figure 1d, e presents dependencies of the critical frequency and maximum height for the electron density profile corresponding to the coordinates of the ionospheric reflection point.
The behaviors of these characteristics were well explained by diurnal and seasonal variations in the critical frequency and maximum height of corresponding ionosphere layer in HF reflection point.
Panels show the variations of the following characteristics: a minimum slant range, b elevation angle, c true reflection height, and d, e critical frequency and maximum height for electron density profile at the reflection region.
Trends in both, the critical frequency foF2 and maximum height hmF2, were found.
Also, the relations for the critical frequency points like maximum and minimum frequency points, the half power frequency and the right phase frequency are derived.
The electron transfer rate is directly proportional to the "critical frequency", which is the maximum frequency-corrected peak current in the ip/ f versus f curve, where ip is the net peak current and f is the SWV frequency.
