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After the respective maximum, cell concentrations declined and cells entered the death phase.
This represents 1.9-fold improvement over maximum cell concentrations achieved in planar systems, although it is significantly lower than the maximum cell concentrations achieved in xeno-free hPSC cultures performed in microcarrier-based systems (6 × 10 cells/mL) [ 77].
Controlling the dissolved oxygen levels has been found to be critical during hPSC culture on microcarriers in SUBs; 2.5 higher expansion folds and ∼85% improvements in maximum cell concentrations were reported in a hypoxic environment when compared to uncontrolled conditions [ 57].
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Both the maximum cell concentration and biotin production varied depending on agitation conditions.
Here, the cells were at the end of the exponential phase and had attained maximum cell concentration.
The maximum cell concentration and rifamycin B titer were 8.6 g/L and 1260 mg/L, respectively.
In 'normal' fermentation, final glutamate concentration and the maximum cell concentration (OD620) were more than 70 g/L and 50, respectively.
A maximum cell concentration of 0.30 gL−1 was obtained at this sugar concentration as compared to 0.75 gL−1 at 100 gL−1 initial xylose.
This allowed obtaining a higher maximum cell concentration and increased adenovirus production by minimizing the production of metabolites that can have an inhibitory effect on cell growth.
All clones exhibiting strong PYC2 expression were shown to experience a significant and systematic metabolic shift toward lactate consumption, as well as a prolonged exponential growth phase leading to an increased maximum cell concentration and volumetric product titer.
In the growth phase, the maximum cell concentration at 16 h was only 20 in terms of the optical density at 660 nm (OD660), and a low level of lipase production (8 I.U./ml) was obtained after 167 h.
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