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We observed a linear relationship between the maximum cell biomass and the fermentation pH at 24 h (Figure 4).
For the production of maximum cell biomass and lipid yield in oleaginous yeasts, medium with an excess of carbon source and limited amount of nitrogen sources has a significant influence (Ratledge 2004).
The maximum cell biomass (10.4 g l−1), content of total flavonoids (4.8%), production of total flavonoids (501 mg l−1) and the optimal size distribution of cell aggregates were obtained under the optimal unsubmerged/submerged period of 10 min/8 h (the cell inoculation size was 1.0 g l−1, and the air flowrate was 20/40 l h−1).
bYx/s, cell biomass yield on glucose was calculated based on maximum cell biomass during glucose fermentation and consumed glucose at that time.
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Successful scale-up of the microwell process (in terms of maximum cell growth rate, biomass yield and specific TK activity) to a 1.4 l scale mechanically stirred bioreactor is then demonstrated based on experiments performed at constant kLa values.
Kinetic and stoichiometric parameters (specific growth rate; maximum cell mass produced; yield of biomass on glucose; yield of biomass on nitrate; and volumetric productivities for biomass, proteins, lipids or carbohydrates) of the 17 C/N ratio batch culture were determined at mid-log phase.
Under the pH control with CaCO3 supplementation and NaOAc buffering, the cell biomass reached the maximum at 36 h.
Fed-batch daily supply of NH4Cl at exponentially-increasing feeding rate allowed preventing ammonia toxicity and nitrogen deficiency, providing high maximum cell concentration (Xm) and high-quality biomass (21.85 mg chlorophyll g cells−1; 20.5% lipids; 49.8% proteins).
Productivity of biomass was calculated as maximum cell concentration in g/L divided by the fermentation time and is expressed as g/L/h.
Maximum level (or 100%) of crude oil and cell biomass are 10 and 6.5 g/l, respectively.
The cell biomass increased with time and achieved maximum on day 2 in Gl (5.93±0.38 g L-1 dw) and day 4 in RS (5.33±0.32 g L-1 dw), while corresponding days were 5 for Av (3.67±0.21g L-1 dw).
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