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In the first phase, the time gap between the arrivals of two packets is longer than the length of the maximum backoff period; and thus, the first packet is transmitted before the second packet arrives, although the backoff period of each packet is long.
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After the flow is selected, the CW value is calculated based on the maximum backlog, as described in Section 4, and a random backoff period is generated.
Notations and variables Meaning and explanation Number of estimated active connections Probability of a contention failure Transmission probability Utilization factor of contention period Optimal value of parameter p Initial backoff window size Maximum backoff window size Maximum number of backoff stages Average contention window size Optimal contention window size.
The base station can serve two or more users in one frame simultaneously, which can improve MAC-layer efficiency by reducing the transmission time for preamble and frame headers, and the random backoff period for successive frame transmissions.
Unit backoff period (80 bits).
where K is the maximum backoff stage.
One backoff period includes 20 symbols.
They depend on the initial backoff window, retransmission limit, and maximum backoff stage.
The backoff period is slotted and the duration of the backoff, expressed in terms of number of backoff slots, is denoted as backoff counter (BC).
During the backoff period, the station continues monitoring the spectrum.
In this formula, T is the calculated backoff time and Tmax defines the maximum backoff time that is allowed.
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