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Results show that the maximum axial power along the fuel rods occurred below the mid-plane of the rod.
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Results in Figs. 7 e) and 7(f) show maximum axial force and minimum lateral force with φ = 0; as well as minimum axial force and maximum lateral force with φ = π/2.
The maximum calculated axial power peaking factor of the hot rod is 2.85.
Performance criteria, such as maximum axial displacement, minimum phase lag and I2R power losses were compared for each controller.
Axial fuel enrichment is zoned into three regions to control axial power peak, which might affect maximum cladding surface temperature.
The ratio of the hot to average rod axial power peaking factor as a safety parameter used to calculate the maximum heat flux in the hottest channel, is calculated close to 2 in almost 70% of the core height.
The design challenge, in this respect, is that the fuel breeding potential is at odds with axial power peaking and the core minimum critical power ratio (CPR), hence limiting the maximum achievable core power rating.
Three enrichment zones are used for axial power flattening.
Systems with uniformly axial power distribution are less stable than those with cosine-shaped or stair-shaped axial power distributions.
Based on this, modelling equations are proposed to predict maximum axial load, axial strain and lateral strain, as well as the entire behaviour until failure with curves of axial load axial strain and axial load lateral strain.
The latter tends to shift the maximum axial velocity towards the upper part of tube.
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