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Taking into consideration of design loads, the finite element method is further employed to calculate the maximum axial bolt force of each experiment.
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It is found that the position of the neutral point and the maximum axial force of the rock bolt installed in the soft rock may tend to be constant when its length is long enough, which means that the supporting effect of the rock bolt can not be improved significantly only by increasing the length of the rock bolt.
Under the assumption, the maximum axial forces in the intact bolts are estimated.
After statistical analysis of maximum axial forces from all experiments, the average maximum axial-force interval that the remaining bolts can withstand under a given random condition is estimated with a 95% confidence level.
Through the detection of axial bolt load in different sections of roadways, the status of real-time bolt support quality can be reflected; meanwhile, the rationality of bolt support design can be evaluated which provides reference for bolting parameters optimization.
Pre-warning technology of roadway surrounding rock stability is proposed based on the detection of axial bolt load.
Based on this, modelling equations are proposed to predict maximum axial load, axial strain and lateral strain, as well as the entire behaviour until failure with curves of axial load axial strain and axial load lateral strain.
Meanwhile, pre-warning indicators of axial bolt load in different mining service stages are offered and some successful pre-warning cases are also illustrated.
The corresponding relation between axial bolt load variation and roadway surrounding rock deformation and stability was summarized in different mining service stages.
The research results show that the change rules of axial bolt load in different mining service stages are quite similar in different mining areas.
The summer solstice occurs when Earth's axis is the most tilted toward the sun -- the angle is known as "maximum axial tilt".
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