The technique is based on combining the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) with two fatigue crack growth criteria, namely Maximum Tangential Stress (MTS) and minimum shear stress range.
We also examine the effects of the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses, shear stresses and depletion on the fracture initiation, breakdown, propagation and containment.
In this regime, the flow becomes strongly time dependent as stress fluctuates between a maximum and minimum value at a given shear rate (Yesilata et al. 2006).
This paper focuses on the results of a series of laboratory tests (grain-size analysis, X-ray diffraction, specific gravity, compaction, maximum and minimum dry unit weight, direct shear, and long-term swelling tests) performed on samples of electric-arc-furnace ladle (EAF(L)) steel slag to assess its potential to be used as a geo-material.
As the componential shear load is less dominant in flexural load, the difference between the maximum and minimum stresses in the sleeve is less significant than when subjected to the shear load (Fig. 14).
The difference between the maximum and minimum displacement of BS and SS was calculated as the range of BS and SS to describe the possible range of shear displacements.
Considering the effects of wind shear and tower shadow, the simulation results show that the each blade reaches its maximum and minimum aerodynamic loads almost at the same time during the rotation circle.
Both maximum and minimum temperatures are getting warmer.
Maximum and minimum bed stress.
The apparent maximum shear strain rate is defined as (ε 1 − ε 3)/2, where ε 1 and ε 3 are the maximum and minimum principal strain rates obtained from the estimated strain rate tensor, respectively.
