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Volitional tests rely heavily on the subject's motivation and the ability to maximally recruit his muscles and are often not an accurate reflection of the maximal torque generating capacity of the muscle.
The frequency center correlates to the maximal torque achieved within the muscle, specifically at the push-off instance in the gastrocnemius (see Figure 4).
These differences suggest that a simple maximal torque test is not sufficient to characterise older adults' abilities in relation to package opening.
Objective characteristics such as the range of motion of the devices, the transparency, the maximal torque that they can provide or the RMS torque during cyclic trajectories are compared to point out which device is better adapted for specific situations.
The results indicate that the flexible rotor is markedly superior to a geometrically identical rigid one in terms of the size of its operational envelope as well as average and maximal torque production.
Hamstring muscle extensibility (angle of hip flexion corresponding with a standardised torque) and stretch tolerance (angle of hip flexion corresponding with maximal torque tolerated) were assessed on both legs at the beginning and end of the study.
As a matter of fact, optimal performance operation (e.g. maximal efficiency, maximal torque, unitary power factor…) are not achievable using constant flux reference especially when facing wide range load variations.
Van der Helm et al. reported that the average contact force of the shoulder joint during handrim propulsion reached 1900 N when the load to the driving wheels was set to 40%% of the maximal torque that the individual is able to apply to the same wheel [17].
Results: Maximal torque values and agonist/antagonist torque ratios for the shoulder, elbow, and wrist functions did not differ between the control subjects and those with complete paraplegia, with the exception of the supination/pronation torque ratio, which was significantly higher in the able-bodied control group.
The results showed no age differences in DF maximal torque and none for female PF; however, older males had smaller maximal PF torques compared to young males.
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Therefore, the speed of attitude maneuvering is limited by the low-level maximal torques that can be delivered to the attitude control system.
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