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a Pain response = (maximal pain during test – pain before test), b Maximal pain response irrespective of location,* = No pain development in any location.
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The optimal exercise program for improving claudication pain distance in persons with PAD uses intermittent walking to near-maximal pain during a program of at least 6 months (Gardner et al 1995).
For example, in comparison to our study, Butler et al [ 9] customised the degree of lateral wedging for each participant in order to achieve maximal pain relief during a step-down task.
Participants were asked to draw a vertical line through the horizontal line at the point which best represented their maximal pain intensity experienced during the iSLR.
Occasionally, targeted steroid injections into the area of maximal pain are used.
The effectiveness assessment during the follow-up visits included: WOMAC subscore A, relief of pain using a visual analogic scale (VAS) ranging from 0 ("maximum relief", i.e., no pain) to 100 ("no relief", i.e., maximal pain) and consumption of analgesic drugs using a VAS ranging from 0 ("no consumption of analgesics") to 100 ("maximal consumption of analgesics)".
(1) Pain: assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS; 0 = no pain; 100 = maximal pain).
Pain was measured using a verbal rating scale (VRS) as self-evaluation ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain).
The primary outcome measure was VAS scores during walking on a scale graduated from 0 (no pain) to 100 mm (maximal pain).
† from 0, no pain to 10, maximal pain.
Perceived pain during the day in the hands, treated and non-treated separately, were evaluated on a visual analogue scale, VAS ranging from 0 mm = no pain to 100 mm = maximal pain.
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