These high frequency stimulations (maximal triplet torque) result in maximal muscle activation with peak torques for about 30% MVC (de Haan 1998).
Rate of force development was determined as the rate of torque development, and maximal muscle strength was determined as the peak torque.
MTC is an estimate of the maximal isometric torque under conditions of maximal muscle activation.
Maximal muscle contraction strength was measured (1 KHz) for the quadriceps femoris muscle, in vivo, as the peak knee extension torque exerted during maximal voluntary concentric muscle contraction in an isokinetic dynamometer (KinCom) (Suetta et al, 2004a).
The second step to obtain the FES-induced torque is to calculate the voluntary-controlled muscle torque τvol.
In the KE, a reduction in maximal torque following prolonged (∼2 h) match-play tennis in HOT and COOL conditions accounted for the decrease in peak and late-phase (200 ms) rapid muscle torque production capacity, the latter persisting for 24 h, as no changes in the rates of quadriceps muscle activation (RMS activity) were found.
At high contraction intensities, therefore, the %VA does not necessarily represent the same percentage of the muscles' maximal torque capacity.
Here we demonstrate that even though older adults show an age-associated reduction in skeletal muscle maximal isometric torque relative to young adults, the loss of muscle strength in AO is dramatically attenuated in comparison to age-matched SO subjects (Figure 1A).
Method: Maximal isometric torque, passive muscle stiffness and soreness were measured on the right elbow flexors in 14 untrained male volunteers before, immediately after, 24, 48 and 120 h following each bout of eccentric exercise that consisted of 30 repetitions of lowering a dumbbell adjusted to 75% of each individual's maximal isometric torque.
30 As with maximal torque and muscle activation levels, 7 peak RTD measured in the PF was unaffected throughout the protocol.
