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The aging process, which researchers sometimes call "primary" or "intrinsic" aging, refers to the damage that ordinarily accumulates in our cells as we grow older, a natural condition that seems to have limited the maximal lifespan of humans to 120 years.
In a recent extensive study, rapamycin, the inhibitor of mTOR, was shown to extend the median and maximal lifespan of mice [21].
However, we found that wildtype mice injected with tamoxifen at 3 months of age exhibit very similar survival curve dynamics (Tamoxifen treated wildtype mice versus pvehicle = 0.269, pnon-injected = 0.572), longevities (maximal lifespan of: tamoxifen control = 1119 days, vehicle control = 1162 days) and tumor susceptibilities as vehicle injected control mice (Fig. 1C).
However, the effect of royal jelly on the maximal lifespan of mice was rather disappointing [ 35].
PROG-treated TDP43A315T mice had a median survival of 14.9 weeks (with a maximal lifespan of 21.0 weeks) compared with placebo-treated TDP43A315T mice, which had a median survival of 14.1 weeks (maximal lifespan of 17.0 weeks) (Fig. 2B).
In the current study, the maximal lifespan of telomere dysfunctional (G3 mTerc -/-) mice was limited to 19 months.
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Moreover, the mean and maximal lifespans of Δ pex3Δ pot1 are similar to that of Δ 3'pex5.
We also tested maximal lifespans of the long-lived mutants after rapamycin treatment (100 ng/ml): 15 out of the 21 mutants showed no additional extension of maximal CLS when treated with rapamycin (Fig. 3; supplementary material Table S5; indicated with asterisks in Fig. 2).
Both the average and maximal lifespans of human TCCs in culture, their culture passage-associated changes in surface molecule expression, and their altered cytokine secretion patterns (Pawelec et al., 2006b), appear to mirror quite faithfully what we believe happens in vivo under chronic antigenic stress (Pawelec et al., 2006a).
Consequently, there have been calls for research that shifts the focus from maximal lifespan to other measures of aging [ 42] while making some account of the interacting factors that determine levels of ROS and associated oxidative damage.
Furthermore, a recent study of over-expression of UCP1 in mouse skeletal muscle showed increased median (but not maximal) lifespan and alteration of several ageing-related pathologies (Gates et al., 2007).
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Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com