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A total of 44,932 singleton live births were identified with at least one PbB test by delivery and the maximal lead level < 10 μg/dL.
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For a given increase in blood lead, the lead-associated intellectual decrement for children with a maximal blood lead level < 7.5 μg/dL was significantly greater than that observed for those with a maximal blood lead level ≥7.5 μg/dL (p = 0.015).
In a reanalysis of a Boston, Massachusetts, cohort, a similar finding was observed among children whose maximal blood lead level was < 10 μg/dL (Bellinger and Needleman 2003).
For the subsample of children whose maximal blood lead level remained below 10 μg/dL over the 5 years, the IQ loss associated with a given change in blood lead level was greater.
A descriptive analysis of peak exposure throughout early childhood suggested an inverse association between maximal blood lead level and IQ at blood lead levels less than 3 μg/dL; levels as low as about 2 μg/dL were associated with significant IQ declines.
Only 18% of the children had maximal blood lead levels of less than 10 μg/dL, and 8% had maximal blood lead levels of less than 7.5 μg/dL.
The coefficient for the 103 children with maximal blood lead levels < 7.5 μg/dL was significantly greater than the coefficient for the 1,230 children with a maximal blood lead ≥7.5 μg/dL [linear β= −2.94 (95% CI, −5.16 to −0.71) vs. −0.16 (95% CI, −2.4 to −0.08); p = 0.015].
In this pooled analysis, we found evidence of lead-related intellectual deficits among children who had maximal blood lead levels < 7.5 μg/dL.
We conclude that environmental lead exposure in children who have maximal blood lead levels < 7.5 μg/dL is associated with intellectual deficits.
We also sought to test whether the lead-associated IQ deficit was greater for a given change in exposure among children who had maximal blood lead levels < 10 μg/dL compared with children who had higher blood lead concentrations.
The objective of this study was to examine the association of intelligence test scores and blood lead concentration, especially for children who had maximal measured blood lead levels < 10 μg/dL.
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