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The NHD was controlled at maximal indentation depth, which was approximately ~1500 nm.
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Figure 2b shows the tip at its maximum indentation depth.
Figure 4 Loading-unloading-reloading process with the maximum indentation depth smaller than the critical indentation depth.
Figure 3d illustrates atomic configuration at the maximum indentation depth.
However, Jin et al. [37] is not enough to deeply discuss collective dislocation activities due to the shallow indentation depth (the maximum indentation depth is only 1.6 nm).
The reduction of friction force on the interface is believed to result in smaller indentation forces and a smaller hardness value at maximum indentation depth.
During the indentation tests, a spherical diamond indenter with the nominal curvature radius R = 1 μm was used, and the maximum indentation depth was set to 20 nm.
The test was carried out in the indenter mode, in which the z-piezo displacement was continuously adjusted to compensate for cantilever bending and to maintain constant indentation rate and maximum indentation depth.
The maximum indentation depth of 1 μm represents 8% of the sample thickness and is within the values recommended for the Hertz model (37).
(c) Indentation depth creep with a rigid spherical indenter (R = 12 nm) under constant forces.
Consider the following: (3) BHN = 2 F π D (D 2 − d 2 ) 1 / 2, where F is the force generated from indentation, D is the diameter of spherical probe indenter (3.175 mm), and d is the indentation depth (1.563 mm).
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