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As a result, the TiSiN film can be further strengthened with the maximal hardness of 53.9 GPa.
The maximal hardness of the coating was always achieved at the conditions that preceded these sudden changes, so this phenomenon was used to set the optimal deposition parameters to produce hard, well-adherent and sufficiently thick titanium carbon coatings using the industrially attractive concept of a rotating cylindrical magnetron.
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TiN/SiN x and TiAlN/SiN x films achieve the maximal hardness values of 43.7 and 38.4 GPa, respectively, with Si/Ti (or Si/Ti0.7Al0.3) ratio of 4 21 and 3 22, which validates our deduction.
Taking for granted this supposed perfect hardness and inflexibility, Leibniz argues that the collision of any two atoms would lead to a discontinuous change in nature: [I]f we were to imagine that there are atoms, that is, bodies of maximal hardness and therefore inflexible, it would follow that there would be a change through a leap, that is, an instantaneous change.
The dependence of hardness vs. grain size had been previously calculated for titanium nitride and revealed that the maximal hardness (around 32 GPa) can be achieved for the material with grain size ~10 nm.
The maximal hardness and Young's modulus consorting with the highest stress are represented at the negative bias of 80 V.
For instance, the number of laminae was found to vary considerably over the moult cycle, with the maximal thickness of the endocuticle occurring during the intermoult phases, where maximal consolidation and hardness of the cuticle is observed.
The hardness of each type was determined under maximal stress during compression of 9 mm with a crosshead speed of 100 mm/min with a tooth-shaped jig using a texture analyzer (EZ test, Shimadzu Co., Kyoto, Japan).
The hardness of the coatings increases up to a maximal value of 28 GPa with increasing the oxygen content.
The boronizing increases the hardness of Ti3SiC2 from 3.7 GPa to a maximal 9.3 GPa and also significantly improves its wear resistance.
The maximum force recorded during the test is referred to as the hardness of sample.
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