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where 255 is the maximal gray level of the original image and E2ms is the sample mean squared error as follows: E 2 ms = 1 N 2 ∑ i = 0 N ∑ j = 0 N X i, j - Y i, j 2 (17).
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The resulting PDF is given by Here L is the gray level of fully developed speckle pattern without noise and N is the maximum gray level.
The bit depth of the sensor is 12-bit, so the maximum gray level is 4095.
Then, totally 146 textural features were obtained using four methods of gray-level histograms, gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), gray level run-length (GLRM) matrix, and local binary pattern (LBP).
The architecture consists of four layers that perform segmentation by gray level bands, accumulative charge computation, charge redistribution by gray level bands and moving object fusion.
These uncertainties occur from gray level and spatial ambiguities in an image.
Pore orientation and axonal ingrowth have been investigated by spectral analysis on gray level SEM images.
There are such directives as point size, thickness, dashing, gray level, RGB color, and opacity.
a Temperature gray level images.
Definition 2.1 (Discrete gray level set).
Such set of consecutive and collinear pixel points with same gray level is gray level run.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com