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To compare maximal evoked torque, discomfort, and fatigue-related outcomes between multipath neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and conventional NMES of the quadriceps muscle in patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
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We measured changes in maximal voluntary and electrically evoked torque and rate of torque development because of limb unloading.
The ratio of electrically evoked torque superimposed on an MVC to the force of a pre-contraction doublet provided an index of voluntary activation (VA).
86 During the MVICs at neutral ankle angle a supra-maximal electrical stimulus will be delivered (1) during the MVIC torque plateau (peak interpolated twitch torque) and (2) within 2 s following relaxation (peak potentiated evoked twitch torque).
Evoked Pt torque was recorded in relaxed muscle by the same ergometer than MVT.
The measurements included maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque and the torque evoked in the quadriceps by 1 s trains of electrical stimulation at 20 Hz (P20) and 100 Hz (P100).
Quadriceps femoris muscle peak torque evoked by electrical stimulation and maximal voluntary contraction, muscle pain, and CK activity were measured before and at various times up to 72 h after exercise.
As also expected, maximal voluntary torque, absolute MRTD during voluntary contractions of plantar flexor muscles and electrically evoked MRTD in the knee extensor muscles significantly decreased after 3 weeks of unloading.
Concentrations of dexamethasone >30 nM usually evoked maximal responses, although, in some experiments, high concentrations of dexamethasone evoked sub-maximal responses, indicating that this response can be subject to desensitization.
Because of differences in excitation-contraction coupling dynamics, the muscle torque evoked by high-frequency stimulation is likely to change less than that evoked by low-frequency stimulation [ 29, 30].
A nutrient drink test was performed to investigate the association between maximal ingested volume, evoked symptoms, and D2Rs.
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