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Maximal cell invasion requires the Campylobacter invasion antigens (Cia) [ 14].
Cia proteins are exported from the bacterium's flagellar Type III Secretion System (T3SS) and are delivered to the host cell to promote maximal cell invasion [ 12].
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These results demonstrate that CiaD and Erk 1/2 are necessary for maximal host cell invasion by C. jejuni.
The maximal cell density of invasion as a function of the invasion distance (C90) was assessed by first calculating the 90th percentile of the density of invading cell (cells mm−2) at every 100 μm increment of migration distance.
Then, C90 of each tumour was calculated in arbitrary units (AU) as the area under the curve of maximal cell densities of invasion.
As maximal upregulation of cell invasion was achieved with TNF- α between 100 and 250 U ml−1 and previous data from our group demonstrated maximal activation of NF κB in these cells with 200 U ml−1 of TNF- α (Haycock et al, 1999), we decided to use TNF- α at a concentration of 200 U ml−1 for subsequent assays.
In practice, we found that TNF- α at a concentration of around 100 250 U ml−1 added for 20 24 h produced maximal effects on both cell migration and cell invasion.
Our results indicated that the GnRH-II agonist induced endometrial cancer cell invasion in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 1 nM to 1 μM with a maximal effect at 1 μM.
UB Maximal cell size.
Stromal tumor cell invasion and stromal collagen fiber were observed.
Knockdown of PSMA7 in RKO cells inhibited anchorage-independent growth and cell invasion and migration.
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