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The mean maximal axial force that can be developed by hand with each tensioner was tested by three different examiners (EF, DM, and MZ).
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Results in Figs. 7 e) and 7(f) show maximum axial force and minimum lateral force with φ = 0; as well as minimum axial force and maximum lateral force with φ = π/2.
The method gives formulas for bending moment, axial force and maximal deflection.
The maximum value of axial force fluctuation is taken to be the same as the axial force magnitude in the constant axial force case.
Then, the maximal compressive value F z fr = −93.97 kN of the axial force shifts to the bore hole interiority and the system becomes singularly perturbed inside its length.
The critical value F z cr (S) = −98.33 kN of the external compressive axial force F z (s) applied at the pinned end s = S is maximal throughout its length.
Axial force was minimal (7×10−6±3×10−6 N) when the FOE was directly in front of the fly, and maximal (17×10−6±2×10−6 N) when the FOE was directly behind the fly.
Axial force.
Internal axial force.
b Transverse beam axial force.
a In-plane beam axial force.
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