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Consistent levels of maturity and responsiveness to maturation signals were confirmed for each DC population by flow cytometric staining for CD11c, CD86 and MHC class II with or without prior LPS treatment.
In B cells, one potential mechanism for accomplishing this is to disrupt BCR signaling, as the BCR is responsible for delivering maturation signals to immature and mature B cells.
However, ERK1/2 was found to be activated in mature oocytes where it mediated oocytes maturation signals from cytoplasm to nuclei [ 51].
Immature DC (IDC) acquire antigen in the periphery and, in response to a range of activation or maturation signals, migrate to lymph nodes as mature DC (MDC), where they interact with responsive T cells (Rescigno et al, 1997).
Its maturation signals that the slowing of China's economy is not a cyclical blip but a structural downshift.When growth flagged in powerful coastal provinces a few years ago, the poorer interior picked up the slack.
For example, Kleponis et al. developed a GM-CSF-secreting pancreatic cancer vaccine (GVAX) that provided maturation signals to APCs at the local vaccine site.
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Moreover, the number of semi-mature CD4SP thymocytes was not reduced in Pak2 F/F ;Cd4-Cre mice, suggesting that the effect of Pak2 deficiency may be specific to the semi-mature CD4SP thymocytes that received a maturation signal.
For example, the maturation signal may activate Pak2 in semi-mature cells to provide protection from apoptosis and to make the transition to the mature stage.
High-level production of heterodimeric p70 interleukin (IL -12 by myeloIL -12ived dendritic cells (DCs) requires 2 signals: interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and a maturation signal provided by CD40 ligation (CD40L) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Overall, these data suggest that resident langerin+ CD8α+ DCs require a maturation signal to participate in indirect cross-presentation.
However, this subset of DCs only contributes to T cell priming if a potent maturation signal is received in combination with the administered BM-DCs.
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