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The diverse antibody repertoire is generated by V D J recombination of heavy and light chain genes, whereas affinity maturation is mediated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID -mediated mutAID -mediated
A mechanistic investigation revealed that the observed DC maturation is mediated by the activation of JNK, ERK, and p38 MAP kinases, and the NF-κB signaling pathway.
In this study, our data show that part of the immune maturation is mediated by the reduction of TLR2 and TLR4 expression and induction of specific negative regulators of TLR signaling (Figure 3).
The finding that the 1-MA-induced meiotic maturation is mediated by G-proteins leads to the question whether the nucleotides acting on the G-proteins modulate the Ca2+ signaling in the way that is related to the changes of the actin cytoskeleton.
Proteolytic maturation is mediated by IL-1beta converting IL-1beta convertingymous with caspasenzyme
These results suggested that the CHBP-induced inhibition of DC maturation is mediated by the upregulation of SOCS1.
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Although reversible oxidation can regulate mature protease activity as well as retrovirus maturation, it is possible that the effects of oxidation on viral maturation are mediated in whole, or part, through effects on the initial intramolecular cleavage event of GagProPol.
Spaggiari et al. showed that part of the inhibitory effect of human BM-MSCs on DC maturation was mediated by PGE2 [ 80].
The final maturation step is mediated in the cytosol by Dicer, resulting in a complex between the ~22 nt miRNA and its complementary fragment, miRNA* [ 23, 24].
The resulting 70 nucleotide-hairpin pre-miRNA is exported in the cytoplasm and the final miRNA maturation step is mediated by the RNAse III Dicer that produces 18-24 nuclongide long miRNA duplexes.
IL-1β maturation and secretion is mediated by inflammasome-dependent activation of caspase-1 (Wree et al., 2014).
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