Sentence examples for maturation at small from inspiring English sources

In line with theoretical expectations, we find that fishing induces evolution towards slow growth, early maturation at small size and higher reproductive investment.

According to life-history theory, high levels of fishing mortality and size-selectivity favour individuals with slow growth, early maturation at small size and high reproductive investment – predictions that have been empirically corroborated (reviewed in Jørgensen et al. 2007).

Early maturation at small size and high reproductive investment can together explain the lower L ∞ of the small-selected fish given the fundamental energetic trade-off between growth and reproduction (Enberg et al. 2012).

Life-history theory suggests that elevated adult mortality favors individuals that allocate energy to reproduction early in life through early maturation at small size and/or increased reproductive investment at the expense of postmaturation somatic growth (Stearns 1992).

Based on their finding that evolutionary trends to earlier maturity resulting from fisheries that target late-maturing individuals can be associated with step-wise, 1-year shifts in age at first reproduction, De Roos et al. (2006) hypothesized that early maturation at small sizes and late maturation at large sizes may represent alternative evolutionarily and ecologically stable states.

However, more recent models of life history evolution argue that increased mortality, even if applied to both mature and immature individuals, will select for earlier maturation at smaller sizes (Law and Grey 1989; Abrams and Rowe 1996; Ernande et al. 2004).

A possible evolutionary response to Malathion application in leopard frogs might be earlier maturation at smaller sizes.

In terms of genetic responses, life history theory generally predicts that fishing should select for earlier maturation at smaller sizes (Jorgensen et al. 2007).

Overall, we predict that the dominant trend across commercial fish stocks should be a shift towards earlier maturation at smaller sizes.

Size-selective harvest of fish stocks can lead to maturation at smaller sizes and younger ages, which may depress stock productivity and recovery.

A recent study, which estimated PMRNs for 36 cohorts of Icelandic cod, found evidence that a shift towards maturation at smaller sizes and younger ages has occurred independently of changes in growth, condition and temperature (Pardoe et al. 2009).