Conclusions Abnormal linear growth and delayed skeletal maturation are common in children and adolescents with type B NPD; however, homozygosity for ΔR608 is associated with normal growth.
Paediatric patients with SCD often have retarded growth and delayed sexual maturation (Platt et al, 1984), which may be normalized by long-term transfusion therapy (Wang et al, 2005).
PFOS or PFOA were also associated with decreased viability, accelerated or delayed sexual maturation, and delays in eye opening and other developmental end points in rats (Austin et al. 2003; Butenhoff et al. 2004; Lau et al. 2003; Luebker et al. 2005a, 2005b) or mice (Lau et al. 2003, 2006).
Clinical outcomes include depressed growth, diarrhea, impotence and delayed sexual maturation, alopecia, eye and skin lesions, impaired appetite, altered cognition, impaired host defense properties, defects in carbohydrate utilization, and reproductive teratogenesis.
Loss of inhibition and hippocampal hyper-excitability has been associated with reduced growth of dendritic arbors [ 59], and delayed maturation and stability of dendritic spines [ 16, 17].
Instead, defects in NMJ maturation were reported in these SMA mouse models, with abnormalities in pre-synaptic architecture and delayed maturation of the post-synaptic motor endplate [17], [18], [20] [22].
The results, for the first time, show a life cycle exposure to MC-LR causes growth inhibition, testicular damage and delayed sperm maturation.
In particular, we present evidence that miR-34a overexpression results in: (i) increased proliferation of precursor cells; (ii) inhibition of neurite branching and delayed maturation of developing neuronal cells; (iii) altered physiological features of mature neurons; (iv) improvement in behavioural outcomes.
The G194D mutant line showed longer fruit maturation, enhanced fruit firmness and delayed fruit yellowing.
Accordingly, the Igf1−/− mouse shows poor growth rates, high mortality, profound sensorineural deafness and late postnatal morphological alterations in the cochlea [16] We have shown previously that the absence of IGF-I causes poor myelination and delayed maturation of auditory neurones that suffer apoptosis during the early postnatal mouse development P5-P20 [18], [18].
