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No structural changes have been found for migraine and medication overuse headache, whereas patients with chronic tension-type headache demonstrated a significant grey matter decrease in regions known to be involved in pain processing.
Hippocampal volume shrinkage has been attributed also to pathological changes in white matter (decrease in axonal diameter and loss of white matter) [12], and the incorporation of newly formed neurons to the dentate gyrus could also be affected by alcohol [13], [14].
Our finding of widespread cortical gray matter decrease in schizophrenia, somewhat more prominent frontotemporally, is consistent with other recent studies (e.g. [ 40]).
Meta-analysis of the co-ordinates from these studies (unweighted by sample size) identified a single cluster of gray matter decrease in ADHD subjects compared with controls on sum-rank analysis.
Broadly, the temporal and occipital lobes showed the most susceptibility to gray matter decrease in those currently ill with AN, and more studies report reduced volume in temporal and parietal cortices and mid-brain regions than others.
Adults with Tourette syndrome demonstrate grey matter decrease in areas of the prefrontal cortex known to regulate together with the basal ganglia goal-directed behaviour (Haber and Knutson, 2010).
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Developmental imaging studies show that cortical grey matter decreases in volume during childhood and adolescence.
The 6 articles provided 7 studies with data on gray matter decreases in ADHD.
The gray matter decreases in ADHD are displayed on brain templates using the Mricron software program [ 21].
These studies have shown that, generally, grey matter decreases in volume during adolescence, with regional variations in precise timing, while white matter volume increases across the brain.
Meta-analysis of this data identified gray matter decreases in regions including bilateral head of caudate nucleus, bilateral insula, bilateral amygdala/uncus region and bilateral superior temporal region.
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