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Dietary factors were: 1) F C ratios (dry matter basis) of 55 45 and 45:55; and 2) corn silage particle lengths of 9.52 and 19.05 mm.
Eight maize starch-based diets containing four levels (on dry matter basis) of P (0.20, 0.24, 0.36 and 0.42%) and P (0.181, 0.26, 0.36, and 0.43%) were formulated from SBM and WM as a sole source of P, respectively.
The diets fed as a total mixed ration consisted (dry matter basis) of 450 g/kg maize silage, 50 g/kg coarsely chopped wheat straw and 500 g/kg concentrate.
Diets were fed as total mixed rations consisting (dry matter basis) of 52% grass-legume baleage, 8% grass hay, 8.5% soyhulls, 2.5% roasted soybean, 15% flaxseed meal, and 2% minerals-vitamins premix.
Cows were fed the diet without supplementation (control; CON) or supplemented with 0.02% (dry matter basis) of a synthetic antioxidant (AOX; Agrado Plus, Novus International Inc., St. Charles, MO).
A higher concentrate diet with a forage:concentrate ratio (dry matter basis) of 38 62 or a lower-concentrate diet with a forage:concentrate ratio of 51 49 was delivered at either 0900 or 2100 h.
Similar(41)
The experiment was designed as a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square with the treatments: control (no neem oil), low (20 g/kg of diet) and high (40 g/kg of diet, dry matter basis) amounts of neem oil.
Cows received 8 kg/d of dairy concentrate and had ad libitum access to one of six silage treatments: grass, red clover, white clover, alfalfa, and 50/50 (dry matter basis) mixtures of grass with red clover or white clover.
The raw materials were chemically characterized (on a dry matter basis) in terms of their contents of structural carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicellulose), lignin, and ash according to Gouveia et al. [ 59].
The control diet contained 3.7% crude fat and the 2 experimental diets contained, on a dry matter basis, 0.8% of additional lipids in the form of 0.9% of FO or 5% of RSB.
The 2 diets included on dry matter basis 450 g/kg of corn silage and 550 g/kg of either a soybean oil-supplemented concentrate meal containing barley and maize (cereal) or dried citrus pulp (DCP; citrus).
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