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Q is a matrix with breed proportions for each animal.
Q is a matrix with breed proportions (including Merino strains) for each animal and e is a vector of random residuals.
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This was done by constructing for each breed an incidence matrix with n = 494,984 rows corresponding to the number of SNPs and m = 25 columns corresponding to the number of traits.
Using matrix formulation, the breed specific partial relationship matrix is A (A ) = T D T T where D is a diagonal matrix with elements D ii = 1 - (A f (i ) f (i ) (A ) + A m (i ) m (i ) (A ) ) / 4 when animal i is breed, and D ii = 0.5 - A f (i ) f (i ) (A ) / 4 when animal i is crossbred with breed parent f(i).
Diet effects were confounded with breed.
Familiarize yourself with breed exercise needs.
In a single breed population, if the number of QTL with effects normally distributed with a constant variance is high, then genomic selection is equivalent to replacing the expected relationship matrix with the genomic relationship matrix (G) estimated from DNA markers in the BLUP equations [ 9- 14].
Description: FST distance matrix between breeds calculated by Arlequin software ver. 3.5.1.3.
In Study 2, breeds with high cephalic index and more frontally placed eyes (brachycephalic breeds, N = 25, 14 breeds) were compared with breeds with low cephalic index and laterally placed eyes (dolichocephalic breeds, N = 25, 14 breeds).
With-in breed exit proportions were similar (P > 0.30) for each cause among breeds (Table 2).
The n A -dimensional vector a A contains breeding values for purebred performance for breed animals (mating within breed ), and matrix Z A is an incidence matrix assigning breeding values to records.
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