- MMP enzymes including MMP13 are best known for their ability to degrade a wide variety of extracellular matrix substrates including collagen, fibronectin, laminin, perlecan, tenascin C and fibrillin [43], [62].
Tolloids are ubiquitous enzymes required for the processing of many essential matrix substrates including collagens.
MMP-8 is also known as neutrophil collagenase because it is a neutrophil-derived protease that cleaves collagen in the extracellular matrix, but MMP-8 is also known to have other cellular sources and non-extracellular matrix substrates, including chemokines and cytokines [ 70].
Matrix substrates of MMP13 include native collagen, gelatin and aggrecan and non-matrix substrates include MCP-3 and pro-MMP9.
Several other classes of enzymes have been reported to utilize exosites in the recognition of their polypeptide substrates, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (36), kinases (37), and the thrombin protease (38).
Then, DESC1 recombinant protein was incubated with different protein substrates, including extracellular matrix protein components, and the products of the reactions were visualised by SDS PAGE gels.
Each of the vertebrate MMPs has distinct but overlapping functions and substrate specificities, and together they can cleave numerous extracellular substrates, including virtually all extracellular matrix proteins [3].
While the physiological substrates of CPA6 are not known, human CPA6 is secreted and interacts with the extracellular matrix where it cleaves a variety of substrates including proteins, peptides and small synthetic substrates [6].
When activated, MMPs degrade a broad spectrum of substrates, including collagens and other matrix macromolecules.
The members of the ADAM (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease) family of proteases are metzincin-enzymes that cleave a variety of substrates including cytokines, proteins of the extracellular matrix, cell adhesion molecules and growth factors.
YadA was first discovered because of its capacity to promote auto-agglutination of Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis [7], [22], as well as adherence to many substrates including epithelial cells [23], [24], extracellular matrix [25], collagen [24], [25], [26], cellular but not plasma fibronectin [27], and laminin [28].
