The variance covariance matrix (proxy imputation information measure) of Z u can be subsequently estimated as I u = ∑ u, m (∑ m, m ) − 1 ∑ u, m T. To obtain imputation Z-scores with a variance of one, we normalize Z u using the square root of I u (Pasaniuc et al., 2014).
The matrix L is used as a proxy of the Laplacian matrix I−L [25], where I is the identity matrix.
Briefly, the latter approach is based on the assumption that the tree obtained in the phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated data set (super-matrix) is a good proxy of the "true" tree.
X d is the matrix of the demographic characteristics, and X t is the matrix of the proxies of the theoretical explanations of overeducation presented in section 2.3; m is a categorical variable distinguishing between native workers, native workers whose mother or father were born in a foreign country (second-generation migrants) and migrant workers.
It could be assumed that a balanced match of different single Q matrix models constructed from different sources, using different inquiry methods, and applying different ways of analysis, are able to depict cognitive processes to the best available proxy of the Q matrix (García et al. 2014).
Hair is in fact considered a good matrix to be used as a biomarker of exposure to metals, and a good proxy of long term exposures [ 36, 37].
This was a proxy, of sorts.
The values in each element of the matrix represent a proxy measure of the connectivity value of the BA10 voxel and the brain voxel (i.e., the probability of connection of the two voxels).
In principle, ( hat{T} ) can be seen as a proxy transfer matrix of the true transfer matrix T to perform decoding.
Proxies of female empowerment vary across indicators.
