Sentence examples for matrix of markers from inspiring English sources

y = Xb + Za + e (4 where Z is the incidence matrix of markers, a is the vector of marker effects, and X, b, and e are as explained in Eq. 2. The expected variance of vector a is Var(a) = Iσm, where σm is the variance explained by markers, and I is the identity matrix.

The genomic relationship matrix (G) was defined as G = MM′/Σ2pi 1-pi), in which MM′/Σ2pi 1-pidence matrin of markers which eleMents is the incidencen are 0-2pi, 1-2pi and 2-2pi for genotypes AA, AB and BB, respectively, and pi is the frequency of allele B at the ith matrix [ 9].

By allele coding, we refer to the coefficients in the marker matrix of marker-based models.

This approach does not use the whole matrix of marker distances.

This approach uses the whole matrix of marker distances for each mapping population included in the analysis.

BSA 'collapses' the two-dimensional matrix of marker assays (DNA samples × markers) into a one-dimensional vector of genotypic differences between two DNA bulks.

Similarly, the genomic BLUP (G-BLUP) proposed by VanRaden (2008) uses a genomic relationship matrix G ∝ X X ′, with X being the n × p incidence matrix of marker genotypes, in lieu of the A matrix derived from pedigree.

Thus, LARS is a nonbayesian alternative to BM. Regardless of the number of genetic markers, the rank of the matrix of marker data will be less or equal than the number of individuals in the training data.

Band-based metrics compute distance-based measures of similarity within and among populations from the matrix of marker presence/absence data without inferring allele frequencies (Bonin et al. 2007).

When π=0 and in (1), the covariance matrix of marker effects is: and the covariance matrix of the genomic BV conditional on M can be written as: 4 Furthermore, under some assumptions, the variance of marker effects can be related to the variance of BV as: 5 where p j is the frequency of SNP j[ 22, 30, 31].

G was defined as G =  MM'/Σ2pi 1-pi), in which MM'/Σ2pi 1-pidence matrin of marker scores which eleMents is the incidencen are 0-2pi, 1-2pi and 2-2pi, depending on whether the animatrixgenofype was 11, 12 or 22, respectively, and pi is the allele frequency of allele 2 at the ith marker [ 20].