An excess of silicon is still present in the matrix evidencing an incomplete phase separation between Si and SiO2 after the 1-h annealing at 900°C.
Combinations of TGF-β3/BMP2, particularly with Stro-1 + HBMSCs, induced significant formation of structured bone matrix, evidenced by increased Sirius red-stained matrix together with collagen expression demonstrating birefringent alignment within hydrogels.
Such good results were explained by the excellent dispersion of graphite filler and partial graphitisation of the matrix evidenced by polarised-light optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman mapping studies.
In addition, the silicon concentration in the matrix is significantly higher than in pure silica with a value reaching 41.9 ± 0.3 at.%. Silicon excess is still present in the matrix evidencing an incomplete phase separation between Si and SiO2 after an annealing treatment at 900°C during 1 h.
Throughout the observation, the cells seeded on the collagen-GAG matrix evidenced the steadiest rate of metabolic activity and the lowest rate of cellular death indicating the most compatible relationship between cells and biomaterial.
ESCs treated with TGF- β3 organized a tendon-like matrix without evidence of bone or cartilage formation.
In vivo animal bone-defect experiments showed dose-dependent bone formation using the PTH fibrin matrix, with evidence of both osteoconductive and osteoinductive bone-healing mechanisms.
The analysis of the local glass transition temperature (Tg) of the interphase and the polymer matrix provides evidence for reduced stiffness of the polymer matrix at high particle concentration, a feature that we attribute to selective adsorption.
The GPC, FTIR and 1H NMR results confirmed cytostatic immobilization in the polymer matrix, with evidence for the presence of three types of inclusion: physically entrapped, polymer-associated (due to hydrogen bonds and/or dipole-charge interactions with the polymer chains), and polymer surface-adsorbed daunorubicin.
Along with proteins in the S. aureus biofilm matrix, growing evidence indicates eDNA is an important matrix material [8], [9], [23].
