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Exact(5)
where H ¯ is a N×N time-domain channel matrix, F stands for the standard N-point DFT matrix, and vectors r and z are the received signal and the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) discrete samples, respectively.
The only change with respect to the model given in (54) is that the Markov chain has now a total of states (instead of ) and, hence, the size and elements of matrix and vectors and in (57) and (58) must be adjusted accordingly.
To simplify (12), the following matrix and vectors are defined: T i = H i T ⊗ G i, G ̄ i = I ⊗ G i, f i T = vec I T H i T ⊗ G i = vec I T T i, H ̄ i = H i T ⊗ I, w i = vec W i (13).
Combining Eq. (9), the echoes after compensation can be denoted as {y}_m=varPhi varPsi {beta}_m+n (17 where matrix Φ is the random measurement matrix, and vectors y m and n are the measurements of mth range cell and the measured noise, respectively.
In the above equations, S is the stoichiometric matrix, and vectors a and b contain the lower and upper limits of different metabolic fluxes in v.
Similar(55)
These rely on my matrix and vector classes, but your graphics API probably has similar functions built-in.
In both FSPFEM and MSPFEM, the subinterval matrix and vector are expanded by the Taylor series.
The interval matrix and vector are expanded by the modified Taylor series.
In both perturbation methods, the subinterval matrix and vector are expanded by the Taylor series.
Moreover, by utilizing an auxiliary integrated regressor matrix and vector method, the system uncertainties can be accurately estimated.
Ptolemy II includes a number of support packages, providing for example graph-theoretic manipulations, matrix and vector math and signal processing functions, visual display of data, a sophisticated type system, data encapsulation and an expression language and parser.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com