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The authors attributed the reduction in strength due to the fact that asphalt film around the aggregate particle was much softer than the concrete matrix and aggregate.
The investigation showed that the ITZ exhibited higher deformation than the matrix and aggregate due to its higher porosity and weaker strength.
The addition of SF in concrete leads to reduction in porosity of the interfacial transition zone between matrix and aggregate in the fresh concrete and provides the microstructure needed for a strong transition zone (Song et al. 2010).
RHA incorporation refined the transition zone between cement matrix and aggregate, and reduced the amount of large calcium hydroxide crystals and ettringite due to additional C S H phases generated from pozzolanic reaction, as mentioned in the previous section.
Thirdly, leaching out of some hydrated product by alternate wet dry cycles, as shown by the thin surface deposit in Fig. 6, may weaken the bond between binder matrix and aggregate.
The optimization of matrix and aggregate sizes and matrix-aggregate proportion, subjected to different property requirements, brought to light the relationships between q, specific surface area (SSA) and maximum paste thickness (MPT).
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They reflect the screening effect of polymer matrix (pristine membranes) or both matrix and aggregates (modified membranes).
Thermal expansion mismatch between matrix and aggregates can generate microcracks or decohesions when refractory ceramics are submitted to temperature variation.
Therefore, a discrimination between the different phases, mainly cement matrix and aggregates, is highly important (Weritz et al., 2006).
Discrete element method (DEM) has the capability of explicitly modeling the mechanical and physical properties of both matrix and aggregates.
Generally, failure in conventional concrete is initiated by damage at the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the cementitious matrix and aggregates (Jun et al. 2008).
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