Deforestation of tropical forests has contributed to the formation of fragmented landscapes, surrounded mainly by a matrix of secondary forests, pastures and agriculture.
The first goal is to design the linear precoding matrix of secondary user to maximize its spectrum efficiency under its own transmit power constraint together with a set of interference power constraints at primary users.
The second goal is to design the linear precoding matrix of secondary user to maximize its energy efficiency under not only its own transmit power constraint, but also a set of interference power constraints at primary users.
We denote the transmit covariance matrix of secondary users signal as R x x †, R x x † = E x x †, where the expectation E can be referenced from the codebook.
Finally, a dendrogram is obtained from the matrix of secondary distances.
After creating the matrix of secondary distances, the program uses the phylogenetic algorithm(s) chosen to build a dendrogram.
Two new algorithms, called RCluster and SCluster, described here for the first time, provide alternative ways to establish the matrix of secondary distances, following strategies related to the one implemented in the new version of UVCluster.
To calculate the matrix of secondary distances, the algorithm saves, for each pair of nodes, the number of iterations in which they have been clustered separately, and the secondary distances between each two units are calculated by dividing those values by the number of iterations.
Playback techniques were used to detect individuals in the continuous primary forest, fragments of 1, 10 and 100 ha, and in two matrix habitats of secondary forest dominated by Vismia spp. and Cecropia spp. Sampling points in secondary forest areas were distributed at 50, 250 and 500 m from the continuous forest.
In order to successfully metastasize, tumor cells have to adhere to the extra cellular matrix (ECM) of secondary organs [26], [28].
