Inversion is the matrix algebra analog to division, and Eq. (27) indicates that a matrix divided by itself yields a diagonal matrix of ones.
One limitation of the new algorithms, as it is usual in the BSS-ICA methods, is that they do not preserve the amplitude of the atrial signal, since all of them are based on the model x t) = As(t), so the source vector can be multiplied by a constant factor and the mixing matrix divided by the same factor, obtaining the same recorded ECG.
This probability is estimated as the number of "1s" in the matrix divided by the number of cells.
The error rate of the classifier is defined as the average number of misclassified samples, i.e. the sum of off-diagonal elements of the confusion matrix divided by the total number of objects.
Alternatively, PCA volume gives an estimate of the amount of morphospace occupied by species; it is calculated as the product of the eigenvalues of the cross-distance matrix, divided by the square of the number of species.
After convergence of the fitting procedure (using a chi objective function with respect to spectral noise) the parameter standard errors (asymptotic standard errors) are computed as the square root of the sum squared residuals multiplied by the corresponding diagonal element from the variance-covariance matrix, divided by the number of degrees of freedom.
Each value of the co-occurrence matrices was divided by the total number of measures of the individual municipality to present the share of measures in which specific categories (co- occurred.
Thus, the SSCP matrices were divided by the appropriate degrees of freedom, and effects were separated according to the expected mean squares in the ANOVA by subtracting the interaction covariance (VCV) matrix from the interindividual VCV matrix, and the error VCV matrix from the interaction one.
Each gene in the normalized expression matrix was median-centered across all the samples in the matrix and divided by the standard deviation.
Finally, the entire matrix was divided by a constant such that the largest eigenvalue of the matrix was 1, which ensures that the network dynamics are stable (neither growing nor decaying in time, on average), as studied in previous work48,49.
