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By doing so it could avoid mating with individuals that carried genes for MHC proteins similar to its own.
As genetic diversity is lost by chance in one small population, it can be restored by the interchange and mating with individuals from other populations, near or far.
If individuals are unable to find a suitable mate, they may be susceptible to mating with individuals of other species or may forgo breeding altogether (i.e. [50]).
For example, if mating with individuals from other populations is associated with costs, selection for population-level recognition can drive the evolution of mating signals (e.g., [ 1, 8, 14]).
The retention of the non-native C. lutrensis parental phenotype in admixed populations could also be promoted by hybrids preferentially mating with individuals most closely resembling maternal parental taxa.
Regarding the role of the MHC in mating preference, an intriguing observation is that sticklebacks appear to favour mating with individuals of intermediate MHC divergence, to yield offspring with an optimal number of 5 to 6 MHC class II β alleles [ 87], which they apparently achieve by smelling the peptides that can bind to MHC molecules [ 88].
Similar(52)
We find, however, that the extra variation amongst the progeny produced during sexual reproduction for most model parameters is unable to overcome the effect that parents with a high individual fitness in general must mate with individuals of lower individual fitness resulting in a moderate reproductive fitness for the pair.
This albeit weak association could be generated by assortative mating; that is, individuals tend to mate with individuals who are similar to themselves in some respect, in this case smoking status.
This implies that the effectiveness of assortativeness, how often an individual is able to mate with individuals belonging to the same species, strongly depends on how well phenotypic differences reflect species membership.
However, only 73.33% of female groups mated with individual KIL males subsequently laid eggs suggesting that ∼1/4 of KIL males were sterile and did not induce egg-production in females despite inseminating them.
It has been suggested that sexual selection could improve purging of deleterious mutations and increase fitness in captivity because of mating with compatible individuals or individuals with 'good genes' (Whitlock and Agrawal 2009).
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