Wing patterns are important for mate recognition, so if some butterflies have one sort and others another, they will tend to stop mating with each other.Then, when that separation is reasonably well established, there is a tipping-point.
Unearned income may be endogenous for similar reasons, i.e., individuals who work harder because of unobserved preferences for work are also likely to have accumulated more assets; if unearned income also represents income from the spouse, positive assortative mating could imply that hardworking individuals will tend to marry similar persons, another reason for the endogeneity issue.
Under this 'high dose/refuge strategy', the more abundant Bt susceptible adults emerging from the refuge will tend to mate with any resistant homozygous moths emerging from the Bt crop field [ 7, 8].
Therefore, female S. multiplicata will tend to mate with males of good condition, potentially regardless of either the male's larval phenotype or the female's own larval phenotype (e.g., a good-condition adult male might have been either an omnivore or a carnivore as a tadpole).
This is because matings between individuals with common and rare cues should be more frequent under disassortative mating, and individuals with common cues will tend to be in better condition since they receive greater average payoffs in social interactions.
"That is, if a need for rapid zygote formation does not give a big advantage to multiple mating types, natural selection and genetic drift will tend to drive the system to the absolute minimum number of mating types, just two, assuming that outcrossing is beneficial" (p. 17).
Disassortative mating is more likely to evolve if it is selectively advantageous, such that x and m will tend to be negatively correlated in nature.
The physiological cost and host or mate choice are expected to feed back positively into each other, as individuals adapting to one host will tend to prefer that host, and individuals that choose one host or its inhabitants will be exposed to selection more often on that host [ 9, 10, 18, 19].
Farmers will tend to adapt.
Central Europeans will tend to agree unreservedly.
People will tend to prosper.
