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Figure 12 shows z-axis force: (F_z) from the force sensor during mating process in the case of (phi = 61)°: out of the design condition, 85°: within the design condition but not optimal, and 120°: optimal design.
F+ and Hfr cells act as donors during conjugation, a mating process in certain bacteria (e.g., Escherichia, Salmonella, Serratia, Pseudomonas).
Honey bee mating optimization (HBMO) algorithm is a population-based algorithm inspired by the mating process in the real colony and has been applied to solve many combinatorial optimization problems successfully.
The sperm is then transferred into the female, much like the mating process in birds.
The mating process in Ulva is essentially similar to that in Chlamydomonas [36], [37].
The mating process in which donor (sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates) and recipient were present in a 1∶9 ratio (v/v) was performed in LB broth.
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From our findings, we may hypothesize future changes in population mating processes in fragmented habitats, which might lead to pin excesses.
Transcriptomic analysis confirmed diploidization of the evolved clones with strong down-regulation in mating process, and in several haploid-specific genes.
In ascomycetes, the mating type (MAT) locus exercises key regulatory functions involved in mating processes and usually defines homothallism and heterothallism [ 36, 37].
Moreover, the presence of a conserved MAT locus in all PAC species suggests that MAT genes are functional and are still involved in mating processes.
Moreover, functionality of genes involved in mating processes can be tested by expression analyses and provide further evidence for sexual reproduction [ 21].
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