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Analyses of selection into and out of marriage and of assortative mating have focused on individual characteristics that are readily available on large samples, such as education, race and ethnicity, and family background ([Schwartz and Mare, 2005]; [Furtado and Theodoropoulos, 2011]; [Chiswick and Houseworth, 2011]).
Most studies on multiple mating have focused on the good genes and compatible genes hypotheses, whereas the genetic diversity hypothesis has received relatively little attention (but see Cohas, Yoccoz, & Allainé, 2007; McLeod & Marshall, 2009; Schmoll, Schurr, Winkel, Epplen, & Lubjuhn, 2007).
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Paul Ryan's selection as Mitt Romney's running mate has focused attention on budget and taxation issues, as other elements of the Republican War on Government are being ignored.
Most studies of intrasexual mating competition have focused only on males, and have typically shown an increase in aggression and a decrease in courtship rate with increasing operational sex ratio (OSR), the ratio of ready-to-mate males to females.
However, studies of the effects of mating number have focused almost exclusively on the consequences of worker genetic diversity on overall colony health [3] [5] and social interactions [6].
In the past, customised mating programs have focused on genome-wide inbreeding [ 31, 50] but, with the availability of genomic data, information on the genomic locations for which deleterious recessive alleles segregate, could be used.
Given what de Cara et al. [27] describe as "the ubiquity of assortative mating in nature", other recent studies have focused on the evolution of assortative mating itself [27] [29].
Previous studies of the causes and consequences of sociality focused mainly on group composition, while more recent studies have focused on mating and reproductive skew [27], [125], [126].
To date, many studies of large mammals with similar mating systems have focussed mainly on the attributes of highly successful males, and the very large mating skews that typically exist.
To date, most studies on the effects of mating and pregnancy on bone metabolism have focused on the late stages of pregnancy, when calcium is transferred to the fetus to allow mineralization of the developing skeleton [44].
However, few studies have focused on the mating patterns in genetically monogamous species which lack extra-pair fertilizations to diminish the costs of pairing with a suboptimal mate.
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