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The lack of a clear morph preference of experienced I. elegans males in our experiments, in combination with the lower mating frequencies of androchrome females in natural populations suggests that male female mating interactions, significantly affect the outcome of male mating attempts.
Lower mating frequencies of androchrome females have previously been reported in other closely related species such as I. ramburi[ 6], I. fluviatilis[ 31], I. graellsii[ 32] and also in previous studies of I. elegans[ 11, 19- 21, 33, 34], although exceptions exists [ 35].
Mating frequencies of females vary considerably with different mating systems (Thornhill and Alcock 1983).
We test this by comparing mating frequencies of beetles, raised on different resources/hosts, over successive generations in secondary contact.
Mating frequencies of females differ between species in the order Thysanoptera, a taxon of insects important in agriculture.
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Removing unmated control males from the analysis revealed a positive effect of mating frequency on accessory gland length (b ± s.e. = 0.0228 ± 0.0086, t149 = 2.67, p = 0.0085) after controlling for the significant effect of recovery time (F4,149 = 3.38, p = 0.0111).
The lifetime mating frequency of males is usually > 10 times higher than that of females (Schulten, 1985).
This remating interval was chosen to conform to the natural lifetime mating frequency of field-collected females [ 49].
To examine the hypothesis that N2 hermaphrodites actively resist mating with males, we quantified hermaphrodite mating frequency of N2-derived mutants defective in neural function.
Relative mating frequency of non-target pairs remained more or less constant among treatments (mean: 0.28 ± 0.02) and was not significantly affected by density or species.
To estimate the maximum and mean mating frequency of males, we placed 1 day old ergatoid (n = 6) and winged males (n = 5) individually in nest chambers with ten to 20 female sexuals, approximately 15 workers, and some brood each.
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