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Irrespective of male body size, the mating couples were frequently surrounded by the other females, apparently shortening the mating duration compared with matings in the absence of other females (Enigl & Schausberger, 2004; Gotoh & Tsuchiya, 2008).
Couples were collected from cages for each treatment group sequentially for 30 60 min. A few minutes after they completed mating, couples were placed on ice and females transferred to 200 µl PBS buffer with proteinase inhibitor for storage at –20°, dissections at a later stage and body size measurement.
aF denotes that the standard F-test for fixed effects and Z denotes Wald-Z tests for the covariance parameter estimates a Z denotes Wald-Z tests for the covariance parameter estimates Overall, 1,456 mating couples were observed in 70 swarms (located at 30 swarming sites) over 11 days.
Mating couples were removed from cages.
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Not only did nature intend for women and men to meet and mate; couples were so composed that they could reside contentedly for the rest of their lives.
The type of mating couple was recorded and the proportion of mating was calculated for each mating type (see Figure 7).
Re-mating couples were removed, and the male genotype assessed by epifluorescence microscopy.
The mating couple is therefore completely vulnerable to lions and other dangers during this "lock" period.
When female and male flies begin mating, the couples were carefully transferred to small cages and raised for 12 h, avoiding disturbing.
In a second experiment, the two couples were placed in direct neighbourhood to each other during mating behaviour.
Likewise, when two couples were brought into close vicinity, the couple with the unsealed male mated normally, while the couple with the sealed male showed no copulation (n = 15).
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