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This analogy could backfire if not carefully implemented, and instructors who use this type of example should stress that the process giving rise to family members (i.e., mating between two individuals) differs from that which gives rise to evolutionary relationships (i.e., cladogenesis).
Oocysts that are heterozygous at one or more loci are obviously the products of outcrossing (i.e. the products of mating between two genetically-distinct parasites).
The rate of selfing in the P. falciparum population was calculated by assuming that oocysts that are homozygous at all four loci are the result of selfing (i.e. the products of mating between two genetically-identical parasites).
The mean coefficient of inbreeding (calculated over 5 generations of pedigree) was 0.041 (S.D. = 0.039), with 95% of the population <0.125 (the value for progeny of mating between two half-sibs that are otherwise unrelated).
The isolation processes and intrinsic barriers among parasite populations, such as host choice when the parasite shows a local host preference or mate choice when mating between two parasites is impossible, most likely will lead to parasite sympatric speciation [ 5].
Recently, same sex mating between two α cells has been suggested to occur naturally in C. gattii [16].
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First, cross-mating between two heterozygous clones of the Florida strain resulted in 31% obligatory parthenogenetic clones (Fig. 1, clones 4 and 5 of the Florida strain).
When females could choose to mate between two males 29% of litters had multiple sires.
We conducted an experiment with wild-derived house mice (F2 from wild-caught M. m. musculus), in which we allowed females to choose to mate between two males.
Analyses of mate recognition between individual thrips of the Australian Bryophyllum population and a South African horticultural population, using reciprocal cross-mating tests, indicate that mating between the two host-associated populations occurs at a much lower frequency than mating within each of the two populations, even in confinement (Rafter and Walter 2013b).
We have demonstrated that the closely related species S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus show lower levels of interspecific hybridisation than would be expected if mating between the two were random with respect to species.
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