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In mathematics, Jensen's inequality is a powerful mathematical tool which relates the value of a convex function of an integral to the integral of the convex function.
Inspired by the biological nervous system, an artificial neural network (ANN) approach is a fascinating mathematical tool, which can be used to simulate a wide variety of complex scientific and engineering problems.
The regularization is a mathematical tool which provides additional constraints on the parameters.
Soft set is a parameterized general mathematical tool which deal with a collection of approximate descriptions of objects.
It is a powerful and elegant mathematical tool which can be applied to a wide variety of problems as well as in quantum mechanics.
WQI is a mathematical tool which can transform large amount of water quality data into a single number which represents the water quality level.
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Deformable models are mathematical tools which are able to emulate physical characteristics of objects in image processing.
In Section 2, we mention some related mathematical tools which are necessary in our asymptotic investigation of (1.1).
Generally, ANNs are empirical mathematical tools which can model various data sets even in the cases that complex relation is existed between input and output parameters.
The equations describing the leveling of the paint film are complex and their numerical simulation requires advanced mathematical tools, which are described in detail in this paper.
More precisely, we build a method of projection by using very simple mathematical tools, which can be concretized and implemented numerically.
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