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Unlike for unitary transformations in general, the physical polarization state of the field does not change in an orthogonal transformation, although its mathematical representation does.
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Mathematical representations do not suffer from this limitation, if their level of abstraction can be justified biologically.
The second signal FH pulse is admittedly more difficult to reproduce and predict, as its time-frequency representation does not follow any mathematical function.
Representation does, in fact, matter.
Instead of simply submitting to Kant's injunctions against the very possibility of a scientific psychology, Wundt finds that certain aspects of our inner experience can be, and in fact have been made susceptible to experiment and mathematical representation: Weber and Fechner did this.
Moreover, such books pre-emptively prevent the lay reader who does want to look at the mathematical representation of the subject from pursuing his goal.
In contrast to all other solutions presented so far for the complementation of DFE, the method proposed here does not require any assumptions regarding the mathematical representation of the fluxes.
The simplest definition of a model is a mathematical representation of relationships in a data set.
Finding these systems and their transformations is done through a process based on the underlying discrete mathematical representation.
Mathematical model, either a physical representation of mathematical concepts or a mathematical representation of reality.
Apple says that the process creates a mathematical representation of the fingerprint representation, and that it is only stored on the phone.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com