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A corresponding mathematical description, including the formulation of an optimization problem, is derived in Section 3.1.
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Foal description including 5 photos.
The chapter starts with a conceptual and mathematical description of GPR, including the most useful analytical models of radar propagation on the ground and a simple, but a rigorous model of radar scattering leads to a consistent formalis for 3D imaging.
This description includes different mathematical models such as: models of the construction flexibility, sloshing of the fuel and oxidant, rigid body flight in the variable gravitational field with variable distributed mass of the vehicle, integral and distributed aerodynamic in the big diapason velocities, aeroflexibility, models of different types of the rocket engines and so on.
He works on the mathematical description of evolutionary processes, including the evolution of cooperation and human language, and the dynamics of virus infections and human cancer.
Gibbs coined the term statistical mechanics and introduced key concepts in the corresponding mathematical description of physical systems, including the notions of chemical potential (1876), statistical ensemble (1878), and phase space (1902).
Topics include mathematical description of neurons, the response of neurons to sensory stimuli, simple neuronal networks, statistical inference and decision making.
It would be helpful to include a mathematical description of the model.
This model, originally validated in rodents, includes a mathematical description of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated induction of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP450).
Surveys the range of levels of description useful for the mathematical description of real and virtual worlds, including analytical solutions and approximations for difference and differential equations; finite difference, finite element and cellular automata numerical models; and stochastic processes, nonlinear function fitting, constrained optimization, and data-driven inference.
A preliminary article including a brief mathematical description of the model and some discussion of the biological situation being modeled is submitted.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com