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The modeling goal is to produce a mathematical description in nonlinear state-space form that is suitable for control-oriented model analysis and preliminary controller design experiments.
This article is organized as follows: in the next section, we review the mathematical description; in Section 3, the DWHT is explained; The proposed method is discussed in Section 4; we explain the experimental results of the proposed method compared with those of moment-based active contour in terms of accuracy and convergence speed in Section 5, and finally, conclusions are given in Section 6.
Rather we require a mathematical description in terms of discrete, integer numbers of particles and which is stochastic.
Complexity of the mathematical description in the explicit SBSP models has been reduced in the solution of the pertinent differential equations using simplified scenarios (section ) or the experimentally verified time hierarchy of the processes that determine the disposition of chemicals (section ).
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Although details of the proofs and the analyses of algorithms are also provided, the mathematical descriptions in this book are not beyond the range of high school mathematics.
The electric equivalent circuit of the fit model is presented in Figure 1b with the corresponding mathematical description shown in Equation 1. Figure 1 Nyquist plot of the FFT-IS measurement and electric circuit representation of the Co deposition process.
The combination of our equations (1) and (7) provide a comprehensive mathematical description valid in both Regions II and I (as we explained the crossover in the region III is an artifact caused by some bona fide paralogous pairs being missed by sequence alignment algorithms).
We concisely define a cluster by its mathematical description provided in Section 2.2.
Many have been proposed: simplicity (whether of mathematical description or in terms of the number or nature of entities, properties, or relations involved); consistency and coherence (both internally, and externally with respect to other theories and background knowledge); scope and unity (pertaining to the domain of phenomena explained); and so on.
It allowed us to define our optimization problem directly from the mathematical description provided in Section 3. Tables 2, 3, and 4 show the optimal configurations (slots assigned to each reader) for the dynamic-FSA protocol in all scenarios with m = 4.
In particular, they arise in mathematical description of a fluctuating population of organisms, in control systems, and in economic studies of business cycles [7 9].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com